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CVI and DVT
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) occurs when the veins in the body cannot effectively pump the blood back to the heart. This mostly happens to the veins located in the legs, where they cannot pump enough blood against the gravity to reach the heart. Also, injuries and superficial phlebitis may lead to the occurrence of the CVI problem (Huether & McCance, 2012). In addition, the activities of body hormones such as those associated with pregnancy, my lead to the CVI problem (Weiss & James, 2014). High venous pressure is also a reason for the occurrence of the CVI and inhibits the flow of the blood back into the heart. The occurrence of the CVI is also associated with increased venomous pressure that transcends the venules, low rate of flow within the capillaries, presence of plasma proteins, interstitial fibrin and inflammation.
On the other hand, the Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a thrombus, which is a blood clot, forms in the deep veins in the body. The clot can form in either one or more of the veins in the body (Huether & McCance, 2012). As presented by Rudolf, one of the factors leading to this condition is venous stasis causes by the slowing, obstructs or blocks the blood flow in the venous (Patel & Brenner, 2014). Another factor is the coagulation of the blood and damage of the veins, thereby inhibiting the flow of blood (Williams, & Wilkins, 2012). The development of thrombosis is influenced by homeostasis as it is a homeostatic mechanism. While in CVI the blood flow is hampered by the functionality of the veins, the blood flow in DVT is impended by a thrombus.
The symptoms of CVI are swollen ankles, tightening of calves and heaviness of the legs. General tiredness as well as pains when walking may also be other symptoms of the CVI. The clinical representation of CVI is through tests and diagnosis, despite having a difficulty in diagnosis as the symptoms is similar to other diseases. On the other hand, the DVT has the symptom of swelling in the leg that is affected, which is different from CVI. In addition, the leg pains are also experienced, but in the affected leg only.
The treatment for the CVI is done by doctors mainly to decrease the pain and the possibility of disability. For mild cases, stockings are advised as the means of compression and squeezing of veins. In serious cases, doctors use Sclerotherapy to treat the affected veins with specific chemicals (Weiss & James, 2014). Other treatment methods include ablation, bypass treatment, valve repair, vein stripping and angioplasty. On the other hand, the treatment for DVT aims at preventing the enlargement of the blood clot (Huether & McCance, 2012). Treatment of DVT also seeks to prevent the clot from breaking and causing pulmonary embolism. After healing, treatment with blood thinners medication aims at preventing the future occurrence of the thrombosis (Patel & Brenner, 2014). However, blood filters may be used to treat the blood clot.
The Impact of Human Factor
The impact of human behavior on the vein problems and diseases is experienced when the elements of behavior encourage in activity. At the same time, human behavior becomes a risk factor when it affects the normal functioning of the veins and encourages such conditions. There are two main aspects of human behavior that lead to or facilitate the occurrence of vein diseases. These are lack of exercises and poor diet (Williams, & Wilkins, 2012). These two aspects of human behavior specifically form a significant risk factor for the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT.
Lack of enough exercises impacts significantly on the occurrence of CVI by contribution to poor growth of the muscles that cover the veins. With poorly constructed muscles or less effective muscles, the rate of the blood flow in the veins is reduced (Bergan & Bunke, 2014). This is particularly common in the legs, where inactivity keeps a person in the same place without movement. The same factor of inactivity is a risk factor for the occurrence of DVT, as the veins are not well dilated and contributes to high blood pressure (Huether & McCance, 2012). In addition, lack of exercises encourages the formulation of blood fat and fats in the veins, which reduces the passage of blood. This Increases the risk for the occurrence of both the DVT and the CVI.
Poor diet and unhealthy eating habits impact significantly on the occurrence of CVI and DVT as a risk factor. This is because poor diets and unhealthy eating habits, coupled with inactivity leads to obesity and formation of blood fat and fatty veins (Bergan & Bunke, 2014). As a result, patients of obesity develop other conditions that increase the risk of CVI and DVT. This is because fatty veins lead to the narrowing of the space for blood flowing through, and increases the changed for blockage by a blood clot (Bergan & Bunke, 2014). At the same time, fatty tissues inhibit the functioning of the muscles surrounding the veins, which enhances the occurrence of the CVI.
References
Bergan, J., & Bunke, N. (2014). The Vein Book. New York: Oxford University Press USA
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Patel, K., & Brenner, B. (2014). Deep Venous Thrombosis. Retrieved from, <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview#a2> September 22, 2014
Weiss, W., & James, W. (2014). Venus Insurficiency. Retrieved from, <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1085412-overview> September 22, 2014
Williams, L., & Wilkins, L. (2012). Pathophysiology made incredibly visual (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health